The Selection of Superior Trees and Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Forty Years Old Seedling Forest of Camellia vietnamensis

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.12.006

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to select superior trees and discuss the genetic diversity among the forest of the adult Camellia vietnamensis seedling trees, surveys and experimental studies about agronomic characters, economic characters and quality characters were carried out in 32 high-yielding seedling trees from 40-year-old forest at Baomeiling Nature Reserve in Hainan. Results indicated that 20 trees proved to be high yield and rich in oil content; meanwhile, the physical-chemical properties and the fatty acid content of the seed oil are essentially in accordance with the quality standards of Oil-tea camellia seed oil (GB/T 11765-2018). The analysis of cluster based on the difference of agronomic characters, economic characters, physical-chemical properties and the fatty acid component demonstrated that the 32 high-yielding seedling trees could be clustered specially into 6 clusters (r ²=0.932), 10 clusters (r ²=0.864) and 7 clusters (r ²=0.937). Each of the three cluster-analysis can distinguish the abundance between different genotypes, and the 20 superior trees can be clustered respectively into all in 6 clusters, 7 in 10 clusters and all in 6 clusters, thus all of the results above illustrated that abundant genomic diversity existed in seedling trees, especially in the aspect of the abundance and genotypes. In conclusion, the breeding efforts should aim to high and stable yields. There are ones which can be expected to be cultivated into superior strains such as Jinbo 5 and 23. The genetic diversity of C. vietnamensis is very high, and some rare germplasm resources can be discovered for breeding.

Key words: Camellia vietnamensis, old seedling forest, superior trees, genetic diversity, cluster analysis

CLC Number:

S794.4

CHEN Jing,GUO Yujian,WANG Peixuan,WANG Hong,YANG Chengkun,ZHOU Kaibing. The Selection of Superior Trees and Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Forty Years Old Seedling Forest of Camellia vietnamensis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2019, 40(12): 2347-2355.

Figures/Tables 7

References 19

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单株号 Number of single tree	树高 Height/m	地围 Ground circumference/cm	冠幅 Crown/m		单株产量 Yield of single tree/kg	产量效率Yield efficiency/ (kg·m^-2)
单株号 Number of single tree	树高 Height/m	地围 Ground circumference/cm	东西West-east	南北North-south	单株产量 Yield of single tree/kg	产量效率Yield efficiency/ (kg·m^-2)
1	3.90	45.00	2.31	3.40	12.80	2.00
2	4.55	60.00	4.50	4.20	16.00	1.08
3	4.30	55.00	4.10	4.10	20.20	1.53
4	4.10	48.00	4.80	4.40	20.40	1.23
5	4.60	56.00	3.60	3.10	16.42	1.86
6	3.50	60.00	2.80	3.20	11.20	1.59
7	4.00	130.00	5.40	4.90	28.80	1.38
8	3.50	43.00	2.60	2.30	7.20	1.53
9	4.30	52.00	3.60	4.70	23.20	1.72
10	4.37	70.00	3.60	2.20	11.00	1.67
11	5.10	78.00	6.20	4.70	36.00	1.54
12	4.70	118.00	3.30	4.10	16.80	1.56
13	4.40	61.00	4.30	4.40	20.50	1.38
14	4.40	118.00	4.80	5.30	24.80	1.24
15	4.70	115.00	4.25	4.00	17.60	1.32
16	4.90	80.00	5.31	5.90	80.00	3.24
17	3.90	160.00	4.90	4.40	24.00	1.41
18	3.30	41.00	2.30	1.95	4.40	1.24
19	3.50	125.00	2.70	3.50	9.10	1.21
20	3.90	73.00	2.90	4.60	18.40	1.67
21	3.90	95.00	2.40	3.70	11.60	1.59
22	5.70	94.00	5.20	5.10	34.00	1.63
23	5.60	65.00	2.90	4.10	26.00	2.70
24	4.40	76.00	4.20	4.00	18.00	1.36
25	4.40	85.00	3.30	4.50	64.00	5.36
26	7.56	124.00	5.36	5.81	30.00	1.23
27	5.21	108.00	4.35	4.82	28.40	1.72
28	5.56	108.00	5.27	4.02	30.00	1.77
29	4.85	114.00	4.01	4.74	32.80	2.18
30	5.30	120.00	5.10	5.62	30.40	1.35
31	4.17	45.90	3.99	4.51	29.60	2.09
32	4.60	78.00	3.20	5.70	48.00	3.09
平均值	4.54	84.40	3.99	4.25	25.05	1.80
标准差	0.83	31.61	1.07	0.99	15.67	0.83
变异系数	18.37	37.45	26.74	23.24	62.56	46.08

单株号 Number of single tree	树高 Height/m	地围 Ground circumference/cm	冠幅 Crown/m		单株产量 Yield of single tree/kg	产量效率Yield efficiency/ (kg·m^-2)
单株号 Number of single tree	树高 Height/m	地围 Ground circumference/cm	东西West-east	南北North-south	单株产量 Yield of single tree/kg	产量效率Yield efficiency/ (kg·m^-2)
1	3.90	45.00	2.31	3.40	12.80	2.00
2	4.55	60.00	4.50	4.20	16.00	1.08
3	4.30	55.00	4.10	4.10	20.20	1.53
4	4.10	48.00	4.80	4.40	20.40	1.23
5	4.60	56.00	3.60	3.10	16.42	1.86
6	3.50	60.00	2.80	3.20	11.20	1.59
7	4.00	130.00	5.40	4.90	28.80	1.38
8	3.50	43.00	2.60	2.30	7.20	1.53
9	4.30	52.00	3.60	4.70	23.20	1.72
10	4.37	70.00	3.60	2.20	11.00	1.67
11	5.10	78.00	6.20	4.70	36.00	1.54
12	4.70	118.00	3.30	4.10	16.80	1.56
13	4.40	61.00	4.30	4.40	20.50	1.38
14	4.40	118.00	4.80	5.30	24.80	1.24
15	4.70	115.00	4.25	4.00	17.60	1.32
16	4.90	80.00	5.31	5.90	80.00	3.24
17	3.90	160.00	4.90	4.40	24.00	1.41
18	3.30	41.00	2.30	1.95	4.40	1.24
19	3.50	125.00	2.70	3.50	9.10	1.21
20	3.90	73.00	2.90	4.60	18.40	1.67
21	3.90	95.00	2.40	3.70	11.60	1.59
22	5.70	94.00	5.20	5.10	34.00	1.63
23	5.60	65.00	2.90	4.10	26.00	2.70
24	4.40	76.00	4.20	4.00	18.00	1.36
25	4.40	85.00	3.30	4.50	64.00	5.36
26	7.56	124.00	5.36	5.81	30.00	1.23
27	5.21	108.00	4.35	4.82	28.40	1.72
28	5.56	108.00	5.27	4.02	30.00	1.77
29	4.85	114.00	4.01	4.74	32.80	2.18
30	5.30	120.00	5.10	5.62	30.40	1.35
31	4.17	45.90	3.99	4.51	29.60	2.09
32	4.60	78.00	3.20	5.70	48.00	3.09
平均值	4.54	84.40	3.99	4.25	25.05	1.80
标准差	0.83	31.61	1.07	0.99	15.67	0.83
变异系数	18.37	37.45	26.74	23.24	62.56	46.08

单株号 Number of single tree	叶片 Leaves			果实 Fruits							种子 Seeds
单株号 Number of single tree	长Length/cm	宽Width/cm	叶形指数 Leaf shape index	单果重Fruit weight/g	纵径Length/mm	横径Width/mm	果形指数 Fruit shape index	果皮厚 Pericarp thickness/mm	种子数Seeds number	出籽率Seeds rate/%	百粒重Weight of 100 seeds/g	含油率 Oil rate of fresh seeds/%	果实含油率 Oil rate of fruits/%
1	5.73	2.60	2.25	41.17	39.66	43.66	0.91	6.33	5.23	31.36	246.69	13.11	4.11
2	6.50	2.65	2.49	28.81	35.50	39.22	0.91	4.92	3.66	37.69	297.08	13.13	4.95
3	6.15	2.68	2.33	38.46	38.33	41.51	0.93	6.40	3.29	30.73	359.22	8.86	2.72
4	5.22	2.21	2.37	22.29	30.26	35.50	0.86	3.63	3.40	43.70	286.47	16.66	7.28
5	6.51	3.19	2.06	31.86	37.18	38.39	0.97	6.11	4.94	27.66	178.48	25.20	6.97
6	4.96	2.56	1.97	39.06	40.18	45.93	0.88	5.20	6.23	48.04	301.40	12.21	5.87
7	5.36	2.60	2.07	30.72	35.65	38.21	0.93	5.32	3.19	32.59	313.54	15.75	5.13
8	5.21	2.10	2.52	46.52	38.80	45.06	0.87	5.32	6.03	37.22	287.12	5.22	1.94
9	5.78	2.76	2.10	31.43	37.93	37.78	1.01	4.75	4.23	33.22	247.02	15.90	5.28
10	5.34	2.38	2.24	35.60	32.63	41.92	0.78	6.00	4.80	24.11	178.82	18.14	4.37
11	6.53	3.11	2.12	41.61	37.76	42.75	0.89	5.00	4.13	36.68	369.27	13.74	5.04
12	5.19	2.60	2.03	43.88	34.78	45.81	0.77	5.65	6.37	31.92	219.95	9.79	3.12
13	6.20	3.06	2.04	42.68	38.03	45.66	0.84	5.45	5.81	38.12	280.17	8.57	3.27
14	6.96	3.11	2.26	41.41	37.62	43.35	0.88	5.39	4.47	33.53	310.70	11.61	3.89
15	6.73	2.81	2.42	51.44	41.10	47.16	0.87	6.25	6.77	32.73	248.77	8.34	2.73
16	5.82	2.61	2.27	45.63	38.22	45.87	0.84	4.70	4.78	40.33	384.84	10.16	4.10
17	5.85	2.80	2.11	43.46	38.59	44.12	0.88	4.39	4.12	42.53	448.53	14.91	6.34
18	5.56	2.65	2.11	33.06	31.16	42.53	0.74	3.73	5.33	43.61	270.34	20.56	8.97
19	5.94	2.55	2.34	29.08	39.33	41.43	0.95	4.99	6.45	48.11	216.85	20.70	9.96
20	5.62	2.69	2.10	37.66	34.23	47.27	0.73	5.66	4.71	36.53	292.12	14.43	5.27
21	6.13	2.39	2.58	33.24	38.65	41.05	0.95	7.13	4.87	24.90	169.87	11.46	2.85
22	6.40	2.91	2.21	26.22	35.44	35.55	1.01	5.10	2.12	33.11	410.00	16.65	5.51
23	6.42	3.42	1.89	40.58	38.24	43.16	0.89	6.56	2.94	30.74	424.33	15.23	4.68
24	6.65	3.11	2.15	34.44	36.14	41.20	0.88	5.23	5.50	35.62	223.09	3.22	1.15
25	5.73	2.36	2.45	35.56	34.74	42.54	0.82	4.61	6.15	39.54	478.42	1.64	0.65
26	7.01	2.82	2.53	49.13	37.78	48.26	0.78	4.31	9.90	51.74	256.86	12.09	6.26
27	6.71	3.54	1.91	55.40	42.95	47.27	0.91	5.86	5.03	31.96	351.71	12.38	3.96
28	6.17	2.94	2.11	42.75	35.34	42.59	0.83	7.48	5.51	20.83	161.45	17.46	3.64
29	7.63	3.77	2.05	53.78	41.85	47.28	0.88	5.55	7.45	27.32	197.27	7.98	2.18
30	7.02	3.79	1.85	47.89	40.63	46.37	0.88	7.68	3.59	28.78	384.33	9.28	2.67
31	6.18	2.79	2.37	40.69	37.79	44.32	0.86	6.25	4.34	32.31	302.70	6.97	2.25
32	6.84	3.29	2.09	50.08	37.14	47.67	0.79	6.47	4.97	31.67	319.44	10.15	3.21
平均值	6.13	2.84	2.20	39.55	37.30	43.14	0.87	5.54	5.01	34.97	294.28	12.55	4.39
标准差	0.65	0.41	0.20	8.17	2.85	3.52	0.07	0.97	1.51	7.15	83.00	5.11	2.10
变异系数	10.57	14.57	8.91	20.65	7.65	8.15	8.06	17.54	30.09	20.45	28.21	40.76	47.93

单株号 Number of single tree	叶片 Leaves			果实 Fruits							种子 Seeds
单株号 Number of single tree	长Length/cm	宽Width/cm	叶形指数 Leaf shape index	单果重Fruit weight/g	纵径Length/mm	横径Width/mm	果形指数 Fruit shape index	果皮厚 Pericarp thickness/mm	种子数Seeds number	出籽率Seeds rate/%	百粒重Weight of 100 seeds/g	含油率 Oil rate of fresh seeds/%	果实含油率 Oil rate of fruits/%
1	5.73	2.60	2.25	41.17	39.66	43.66	0.91	6.33	5.23	31.36	246.69	13.11	4.11
2	6.50	2.65	2.49	28.81	35.50	39.22	0.91	4.92	3.66	37.69	297.08	13.13	4.95
3	6.15	2.68	2.33	38.46	38.33	41.51	0.93	6.40	3.29	30.73	359.22	8.86	2.72
4	5.22	2.21	2.37	22.29	30.26	35.50	0.86	3.63	3.40	43.70	286.47	16.66	7.28
5	6.51	3.19	2.06	31.86	37.18	38.39	0.97	6.11	4.94	27.66	178.48	25.20	6.97
6	4.96	2.56	1.97	39.06	40.18	45.93	0.88	5.20	6.23	48.04	301.40	12.21	5.87
7	5.36	2.60	2.07	30.72	35.65	38.21	0.93	5.32	3.19	32.59	313.54	15.75	5.13
8	5.21	2.10	2.52	46.52	38.80	45.06	0.87	5.32	6.03	37.22	287.12	5.22	1.94
9	5.78	2.76	2.10	31.43	37.93	37.78	1.01	4.75	4.23	33.22	247.02	15.90	5.28
10	5.34	2.38	2.24	35.60	32.63	41.92	0.78	6.00	4.80	24.11	178.82	18.14	4.37
11	6.53	3.11	2.12	41.61	37.76	42.75	0.89	5.00	4.13	36.68	369.27	13.74	5.04
12	5.19	2.60	2.03	43.88	34.78	45.81	0.77	5.65	6.37	31.92	219.95	9.79	3.12
13	6.20	3.06	2.04	42.68	38.03	45.66	0.84	5.45	5.81	38.12	280.17	8.57	3.27
14	6.96	3.11	2.26	41.41	37.62	43.35	0.88	5.39	4.47	33.53	310.70	11.61	3.89
15	6.73	2.81	2.42	51.44	41.10	47.16	0.87	6.25	6.77	32.73	248.77	8.34	2.73
16	5.82	2.61	2.27	45.63	38.22	45.87	0.84	4.70	4.78	40.33	384.84	10.16	4.10
17	5.85	2.80	2.11	43.46	38.59	44.12	0.88	4.39	4.12	42.53	448.53	14.91	6.34
18	5.56	2.65	2.11	33.06	31.16	42.53	0.74	3.73	5.33	43.61	270.34	20.56	8.97
19	5.94	2.55	2.34	29.08	39.33	41.43	0.95	4.99	6.45	48.11	216.85	20.70	9.96
20	5.62	2.69	2.10	37.66	34.23	47.27	0.73	5.66	4.71	36.53	292.12	14.43	5.27
21	6.13	2.39	2.58	33.24	38.65	41.05	0.95	7.13	4.87	24.90	169.87	11.46	2.85
22	6.40	2.91	2.21	26.22	35.44	35.55	1.01	5.10	2.12	33.11	410.00	16.65	5.51
23	6.42	3.42	1.89	40.58	38.24	43.16	0.89	6.56	2.94	30.74	424.33	15.23	4.68
24	6.65	3.11	2.15	34.44	36.14	41.20	0.88	5.23	5.50	35.62	223.09	3.22	1.15
25	5.73	2.36	2.45	35.56	34.74	42.54	0.82	4.61	6.15	39.54	478.42	1.64	0.65
26	7.01	2.82	2.53	49.13	37.78	48.26	0.78	4.31	9.90	51.74	256.86	12.09	6.26
27	6.71	3.54	1.91	55.40	42.95	47.27	0.91	5.86	5.03	31.96	351.71	12.38	3.96
28	6.17	2.94	2.11	42.75	35.34	42.59	0.83	7.48	5.51	20.83	161.45	17.46	3.64
29	7.63	3.77	2.05	53.78	41.85	47.28	0.88	5.55	7.45	27.32	197.27	7.98	2.18
30	7.02	3.79	1.85	47.89	40.63	46.37	0.88	7.68	3.59	28.78	384.33	9.28	2.67
31	6.18	2.79	2.37	40.69	37.79	44.32	0.86	6.25	4.34	32.31	302.70	6.97	2.25
32	6.84	3.29	2.09	50.08	37.14	47.67	0.79	6.47	4.97	31.67	319.44	10.15	3.21
平均值	6.13	2.84	2.20	39.55	37.30	43.14	0.87	5.54	5.01	34.97	294.28	12.55	4.39
标准差	0.65	0.41	0.20	8.17	2.85	3.52	0.07	0.97	1.51	7.15	83.00	5.11	2.10
变异系数	10.57	14.57	8.91	20.65	7.65	8.15	8.06	17.54	30.09	20.45	28.21	40.76	47.93

单株号 Number of single tree	过氧化值Peroxide value/%	碘值Iodine value	酸价 Acid value	皂化值Saponification value	单株号 Number of single tree	过氧化值Peroxide value/%	碘值 Iodine value	酸价 Acid value	皂化值Saponification value
1	0.040	83.91	1.82	202.68	17	0.029	71.21	1.24	193.19
2	0.035	55.94	1.72	192.84	18	0.026	76.58	1.24	190.05
3	0.060	79.77	2.02	210.60	19	0.021	73.79	1.45	194.18
4	0.050	79.28	1.69	221.11	20	0.031	78.68	0.91	197.92
5	0.025	76.75	1.16	204.52	21	0.033	76.83	1.39	204.21
6	0.090	80.42	1.11	186.30	22	0.038	75.97	2.44	196.12
7	0.020	76.72	1.55	301.42	23	0.026	70.53	1.21	197.41
8	0.050	86.77	1.50	208.54	24	0.034	84.78	2.07	199.42
9	0.029	79.10	1.85	196.25	25	0.025	85.32	0.88	201.50
10	0.028	73.54	2.38	192.98	26	0.039	78.75	1.98	189.43
11	0.026	60.25	2.22	193.91	27	0.029	79.58	1.60	199.38
12	0.040	77.24	1.33	194.43	28	0.031	76.55	1.57	200.69
13	0.037	79.53	1.61	203.55	29	0.033	80.13	2.98	199.35
14	0.031	78.34	0.87	180.27	30	0.059	79.44	1.19	195.95
15	0.038	80.52	1.72	197.07	31	0.031	74.18	1.88	195.24
16	0.031	75.30	1.67	201.20	32	0.026	70.29	2.51	185.55
平均值	0.036	76.75	1.65	200.85	平均值	0.036	76.75	1.65	200.85
标准差	0.014	6.29	0.50	19.91	标准差	0.014	6.29	0.50	19.91
变异系数	38.881	8.20	30.48	9.91	变异系数	38.881	8.20	30.48	9.91