Effects of Potassium and Magnesium Deficiency on Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Anther Culture Seedling of Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.08.008

Abstract

Abstract:

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to clarify the response mechanism of potassium and magnesium deficiency affecting on some physiological characteristics and chloroplast ultrastrucure of rubber trees. The anther culture seedling of Hevea brasiliensis 7-33-97 was selected as the research material, and four treatments of -K-Mg, -K, -Mg, CK (control) were designed. The plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, nutrients concentration, soluble sugar components and chloroplast ultrastrucure of rubber seedling were analyzed, respectively. Compared with CK, the plant height and stem diameter significantly decreased by 12.2% and 15.7% respectively, and the premature senescence and dying off of seedling leaves appeared under the condition of -K-Mg. The chlorophyll content of the leaf under -K-Mg, -K and -Mg significantly decreased (P<0.05). The concentrations of potassium and magnesium in different organs decreased significantly under potassium and magnesium deficiency. Potassium supply decreased significantly magnesium concentrations in different organs, while no significant effects in potassium concentration by the magnesium supply. Treatments of -K-Mg, -K and -Mg significantly increased the contents of glucose, sucrose and fructose in seedling leaves compared with CK. There was significant effect of interaction between K and Mg on the content of fructose. The treatments of -K-Mg, -K and -Mg significantly decreased chloroplast length by 26.9%, 38.1% and 19.6%, and significantly increased the number of plastoglobulus by 211.8%, 767.7% and 138.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, the treatment of -Mg significantly increased the number of starch granules. In summary, the deficiency of potassium and magnesium significantly inhibited the development of plant growth and chloroplast. Potassium had an antagonism effect on the absorption of magnesium under normal magnesium level. Therefore, the rational application of potassium and magnesium and the interaction should be emphasized in production, which could improve the plantation condition of rubber trees.

Key words: potassium, magnesium, nutrient deficiency, Hevea brasiliensis, physiological characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure

CLC Number:

Q945.78
S59

XUE Xinxin,WU Xiaoping,LUO Xuehua,WANG Wenbin,WANG Dapeng,ZHANG Yongfa,ZHAO Chunmei. Effects of Potassium and Magnesium Deficiency on Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Anther Culture Seedling of Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2019, 40(8): 1507-1514.

Figures/Tables 7

References 32

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处理 Treatment	钾含量 K concentration/%					镁含量 Mg concentration/%
处理 Treatment	叶 leaf	茎干 Stem	茎皮 Stem bark	叶柄 Petiole	根 Root	叶 leaf	茎干 Stem	茎皮 Stem bark	叶柄 Petiole	根 Root
-K-Mg	1.020^b	0.911^b	0.991^b	1.451^c	1.140^b	0.190^c	0.104^c	0.195^c	0.158^c	0.075^c
-K	1.081^b	0.874^b	1.076^b	1.606^c	1.135^b	0.264^a	0.249^a	0.470^a	0.311^a	0.144^a
-Mg	1.582^a	1.530^a	1.605^a	3.023^a	1.526^a	0.179^c	0.100^c	0.179^c	0.142^c	0.058^d
CK	1.558^a	1.364^a	1.640^a	2.742^b	1.506^a	0.231^b	0.155^b	0.321^b	0.251^b	0.107^b
P值（K）	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.002^**	0.016^*	0.000^**	0.002^**	0.012^**	0.000^**
P值（Mg）	0.783	0.171	0.420	0.256	0.885	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
P值（K×Mg）	0.547	0.368	0.735	0.003^**	0.930	0.190	0.001^**	0.007^**	0.094	0.041^*

处理 Treatment	钾含量 K concentration/%					镁含量 Mg concentration/%
处理 Treatment	叶 leaf	茎干 Stem	茎皮 Stem bark	叶柄 Petiole	根 Root	叶 leaf	茎干 Stem	茎皮 Stem bark	叶柄 Petiole	根 Root
-K-Mg	1.020^b	0.911^b	0.991^b	1.451^c	1.140^b	0.190^c	0.104^c	0.195^c	0.158^c	0.075^c
-K	1.081^b	0.874^b	1.076^b	1.606^c	1.135^b	0.264^a	0.249^a	0.470^a	0.311^a	0.144^a
-Mg	1.582^a	1.530^a	1.605^a	3.023^a	1.526^a	0.179^c	0.100^c	0.179^c	0.142^c	0.058^d
CK	1.558^a	1.364^a	1.640^a	2.742^b	1.506^a	0.231^b	0.155^b	0.321^b	0.251^b	0.107^b
P值（K）	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.002^**	0.016^*	0.000^**	0.002^**	0.012^**	0.000^**
P值（Mg）	0.783	0.171	0.420	0.256	0.885	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
P值（K×Mg）	0.547	0.368	0.735	0.003^**	0.930	0.190	0.001^**	0.007^**	0.094	0.041^*

处理 Treatment	葡萄糖 Glucose/%	蔗糖 Sucrose/%	果糖 Fructose/%
-K-Mg	0.77±0.01^a	0.057±0.003^b	1.21±0.07^a
-K	0.62±0.04^b	0.044±0.003^c	0.90±0.03^c
-Mg	0.57±0.05^b	0.064±0.001^a	1.10±0.04^b
CK	0.46±0.05^c	0.049±0.002^c	0.61±0.05^d
P值（K）	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
P值（Mg）	0.001^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
P值（K×Mg）	0.302^ns	0.580^ns	0.009^**

处理 Treatment	葡萄糖 Glucose/%	蔗糖 Sucrose/%	果糖 Fructose/%
-K-Mg	0.77±0.01^a	0.057±0.003^b	1.21±0.07^a
-K	0.62±0.04^b	0.044±0.003^c	0.90±0.03^c
-Mg	0.57±0.05^b	0.064±0.001^a	1.10±0.04^b
CK	0.46±0.05^c	0.049±0.002^c	0.61±0.05^d
P值（K）	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
P值（Mg）	0.001^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
P值（K×Mg）	0.302^ns	0.580^ns	0.009^**

处理 Treatment	叶绿体长度 Chloroplast length/μm	叶绿体厚度 Chloroplast thickness/μm	嗜饿体数 Plastoglobulus number	淀粉粒数 Starch grannules number
-K-Mg	4.36±0.23^b	2.38±0.05^ab	1.06±0.15^b	1.23±0.14^a
-K	3.69±0.24^c	2.17±0.12^b	2.95±0.14^a	0.00±0.00^c
-Mg	4.79±0.29^b	2.59±0.18^a	0.81±0.22^b	1.27±0.34^a
CK	5.96±0.53^a	2.23±0.07^b	0.34±0.05^c	0.37±0.15^b
P值（K）	0.000^**	0.069^ns	0.000^**	0.110^ns
P值（Mg）	0.247^ns	0.003^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
P值（K×Mg）	0.002^**	0.278^ns	0.000^**	0.201^ns