Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure Characteristics of Mango Orchard Soil under Reduced Chemical Fertilizer and Increased Organic Fertilizer Application

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.06.024

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to study the effects on bacterial community structure and diversity in mango orchard soils through reducing the amount of fertilizer and increase the use of organic fertilizer, the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technique was used to sequence soil bacteria 16S rRNA from two treatments in Ledong, Hainan. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, alkali hydrolysis nitrogen and available phosphorus in mango orchard soil treated by fertilizer reduction and application of organic fertilizer increased by 54.87%, 40.73% and 64.17%, the contents of cadmium and lead decreased by 65.09% and 68.81% respectively, and the contents of mercury and copper increased by 74.19% and 32.21% respectively compared with conventional fertilization. Cluster analysis was performed on the sequences based on 97.00% similarity, and a total of 2702 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from the mango orchard soils with two treatments. Among them, there were an average of 1784 OTUs in the soil treated with fertilizer reduction and 1568 OTUs in the soil treated with conventional fertilization. The fertilization method of decreasing the amount of fertilizer and applying organic fertilizer can significantly improve soil quality, increase the richness and diversity of soil bacteria in mango orchard soil, and change the community structure of soil bacteria to some extent. The change of fertilization method had a great influence on the distribution of soil bacteria. There were significant changes in the structure of soil bacterial community under the two fertilization methods, but the main bacterial species in the soil did not change, and the structure of soil bacterial community still maintained certain similarity. The results of correlation analysis showed that the soil bacterial community was mainly affected by the content of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and copper.

Key words: fertilizer reduction, mango orchard soil, 16S rRNA, bacterial diversity, community composition

CLC Number:

S154.3
X592

JIN Xiaotuo,MA Jiyong,ZHOU Yanyu,CHEN Lijun,LI Tao,ZHAO Hongwei. Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure Characteristics of Mango Orchard Soil under Reduced Chemical Fertilizer and Increased Organic Fertilizer Application[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2019, 40(6): 1205-1212.

Figures/Tables 8

Tab. 1 Soil pH and nutrient content

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter/(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K/(mg·kg^-1)
RF	5.43±0.13^a	13.436±0.742^a	143.636±5.628^a	63.672±2.644^a	144.757±6.441^a
CF	5.38±0.26^a	8.008±0.521^b	108.679±3.495^b	32.681±0.899^b	149.084±5.863^a

Tab. 2 Heavy metal content in soil

处理 Treatment	铬Cr /(mg·kg^-1)	镉Cd /(mg·kg^-1)	铅Pb /(mg·kg^-1)	汞Hg /(mg·kg^-1)	铜Cu /(mg·kg^-1)	锌Zn /(mg·kg^-1)
RF	24.131±1.394^a	0.037±0.005^b	3.554±0.272^b	0.124±0.011^a	11.925±1.293^a	24.150±2.155^a
CF	22.772±1.864^a	0.106±0.013^a	11.395±1.293^a	0.032±0.001^b	8.084±1.067^b	27.858±2.126^a

Fig. 1 OTU rarefaction curve

Tab. 3 Bacterial abundance index and diversity index in different soil samples

Sample	OTUs	Ace	Chao	Shannon	Simpson
RF	1784.000±46.228^a	2017.553±45.563^a	2079.014±63.135^a	6.380±0.056^a	0.004±0.000^a
CF	1568.667±5.667^b	1841.714±42.074^b	1848.060±36.979^b	5.884±0.068^b	0.006±0.001^b

Fig. 2 Analysis of bacterial principal components in different soil samples

Fig. 3 The differences of relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level 1. Proteobacteria; 2. Actinobacteria; 3. Firmicutes; 4. Acidobacteria; 5. Chloroflexi; 6. Planctomycetes; 7. Gemmatimonadetes; 8. Bacteroidetes. Different small letters indicate significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level.

Fig. 4 Differential analysis of bacteria in different fertilizing patterns

Fig. 5 Canonical correspondence analysis between soil bacteria community and soil environmental factors under different fertilizing patterns 1. Acidobacteria; 2. Actinobacteria; 3. Bacteroidetes; 4. Chloroflexi; 5. Firmicutes; 6. Gemmatimonadetes; 7. Planctomycetes; 8. Proteobacteria.

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