The Effect of Increasing Bio-organic Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Edible-cassava

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.03.001

Abstract

Abstract:

A randomized block test with three experimental treatments using no bio-organic fertilizer as CK was undertaken to reveal change of growth situation, yield and quality of edible cassava in different fertilization mode, and to provide a theoretical foundation for high yield and quality cultivation. Results showed that applying bio-organic fertilizer could increase the plant height, stem diameter, SPAD in root formative period, the photosynthetic rate in root formative period and root expand period, and it could increase yield by improving tuberous root thickness and tuberous root number. It could also promote the content of starch, protein, dry matter, soluble sugar, the ratio of branch/chain starch, and the comprehensive quality of roots. However, the effect on SPAD value, potato length, harvest index and crude fiber of tuber was small. In addition, the correlation analysis results showed that the total fertilization amount of biological organic fertilizer was positively correlated with the yield and quality, and most of the correlation coefficients reached significant or extremely significant level. In summary, the conclusion is drawn that the application of bio-organic fertilizer can improve the photosynthesis of cassava to promote its growth, increase the yield of tubers, and effectively improve the quality of tubers. The optimal fertilization way is increasing bio-organic fertilizer application in the basal and seedling, and the rate of fertilizer application is respectively 3000 kg/hm ² and 1500 kg/hm ².

Key words: edible-cassava, bio-organic fertilizer, yield, quality

CHEN Huixian,CAO Sheng,YAN Huabing,XIE Xiangyu,SHANG Xiaohong. The Effect of Increasing Bio-organic Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Edible-cassava[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2019, 40(3): 417-424.

Figures/Tables 11

References 16

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处理 Treatment	基肥 Basal	幼苗期追肥（植后50 d） Additional fertilizer in seedling (50 days after planting)	块根膨大期（植后120 d） Additional fertilizer in root Expand period (120 days after planting)
CK	复合肥750 kg	尿素150 kg+硫酸钾120 kg	尿素120 kg+硫酸钾300 kg
A	复合肥750 kg+有机3000 kg	尿素150 kg+硫酸钾120 kg	尿素120 kg+硫酸钾300 kg
B	复合肥750 kg+有机3000 kg	尿素150 kg+硫酸钾120 kg+有机1500 kg	尿素120 kg+硫酸钾300kg
C	复合肥750kg+有机3000kg	尿素150 kg+硫酸钾120 kg+有机3000 kg	尿素120kg+硫酸钾300 kg

处理 Treatment	基肥 Basal	幼苗期追肥（植后50 d） Additional fertilizer in seedling (50 days after planting)	块根膨大期（植后120 d） Additional fertilizer in root Expand period (120 days after planting)
CK	复合肥750 kg	尿素150 kg+硫酸钾120 kg	尿素120 kg+硫酸钾300 kg
A	复合肥750 kg+有机3000 kg	尿素150 kg+硫酸钾120 kg	尿素120 kg+硫酸钾300 kg
B	复合肥750 kg+有机3000 kg	尿素150 kg+硫酸钾120 kg+有机1500 kg	尿素120 kg+硫酸钾300kg
C	复合肥750kg+有机3000kg	尿素150 kg+硫酸钾120 kg+有机3000 kg	尿素120kg+硫酸钾300 kg

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	品种Variety
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	NK-10	SC12	ST-1
产量 Yield/(kg?hm^-2)	CK	31 865.00±2 817.30^Bb	25 252.70±4 378.45^Ab	19 812.84±1 769.63^Ab
	A	35 685.00±1 099.92^ABab	32 479.18±6 861.66^Aab	21 692.79±4 451.65^Ab
	B	38 945.00±2 027.07^Aa	35 425.78±3 378.04^Aa	28 285.96±3 312.03^Aa
	C	37 730.00±1 999.97^ABa	27 505.70±3 030.47^Aab	25 746.02±2 313.93^Aab
薯长 Tuberous root length/cm	CK	37.81±8.60^Aa	26.78±5.62^Aa	28.97±7.01^Aa
	A	38.04±6.54^Aa	26.83±5.53^Aa	32.08±6.36^Aa
	B	42.90±10.47^Aa	28.63±7.14^Aa	33.07±7.41^Aa
	C	39.81±7.91^Aa	27.64±6.32^Aa	31.97±7.57^Aa
薯粗 Tuberous root thick/mm	CK	43.27±7.85^Bb	41.02±5.94^Bc	49.52±7.57^Ab
	A	47.88±5.99^ABab	48.11±7.13^Ab	50.85±6.15^Aab
	B	49.34±7.94^ABa	51.31±7.46^Aa	54.27±5.67^Aa
	C	51.28±7.90^Aa	48.85±4.82^Aab	52.92±5.72^Aa
薯数 Tuberous root number	CK	8.83±0.75^Bc	10.50±1.38^Ab	6.00±0.89^ABb
	A	10.83±0.98^Ab	10.17±1.47^Ab	8.17±0.75^Aa
	B	11.00±1.26^Ab	12.33±0.82^Aa	6.17±0.75^Bb
	C	12.67±1.21^Aa	10.83±1.72^Aab	9.00±0.89^Aa
收获指数 Harvest index/%	CK	41.88±2.41^Bb	44.46±3.67^Aa	43.49±1.40^Aab
	A	43.57±2.77^ABb	44.96±1.06^Aa	41.35±2.67^Ab
	B	48.13±4.69^Aa	47.87±1.00^Aa	44.46±3.05^Aa
	C	47.76±3.65^Aa	44.77±1.18^Aa	45.18±2.79^Aa

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	品种Variety
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	NK-10	SC12	ST-1
产量 Yield/(kg?hm^-2)	CK	31 865.00±2 817.30^Bb	25 252.70±4 378.45^Ab	19 812.84±1 769.63^Ab
	A	35 685.00±1 099.92^ABab	32 479.18±6 861.66^Aab	21 692.79±4 451.65^Ab
	B	38 945.00±2 027.07^Aa	35 425.78±3 378.04^Aa	28 285.96±3 312.03^Aa
	C	37 730.00±1 999.97^ABa	27 505.70±3 030.47^Aab	25 746.02±2 313.93^Aab
薯长 Tuberous root length/cm	CK	37.81±8.60^Aa	26.78±5.62^Aa	28.97±7.01^Aa
	A	38.04±6.54^Aa	26.83±5.53^Aa	32.08±6.36^Aa
	B	42.90±10.47^Aa	28.63±7.14^Aa	33.07±7.41^Aa
	C	39.81±7.91^Aa	27.64±6.32^Aa	31.97±7.57^Aa
薯粗 Tuberous root thick/mm	CK	43.27±7.85^Bb	41.02±5.94^Bc	49.52±7.57^Ab
	A	47.88±5.99^ABab	48.11±7.13^Ab	50.85±6.15^Aab
	B	49.34±7.94^ABa	51.31±7.46^Aa	54.27±5.67^Aa
	C	51.28±7.90^Aa	48.85±4.82^Aab	52.92±5.72^Aa
薯数 Tuberous root number	CK	8.83±0.75^Bc	10.50±1.38^Ab	6.00±0.89^ABb
	A	10.83±0.98^Ab	10.17±1.47^Ab	8.17±0.75^Aa
	B	11.00±1.26^Ab	12.33±0.82^Aa	6.17±0.75^Bb
	C	12.67±1.21^Aa	10.83±1.72^Aab	9.00±0.89^Aa
收获指数 Harvest index/%	CK	41.88±2.41^Bb	44.46±3.67^Aa	43.49±1.40^Aab
	A	43.57±2.77^ABb	44.96±1.06^Aa	41.35±2.67^Ab
	B	48.13±4.69^Aa	47.87±1.00^Aa	44.46±3.05^Aa
	C	47.76±3.65^Aa	44.77±1.18^Aa	45.18±2.79^Aa

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	品种Variety
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	NK-10	SC12	ST-1
淀粉含量 Starch content/%	CK	70.83±0.41^Bb	74.03±0.51^Aa	71.05±0.45^Cc
	A	74.96±0.65^Aa	75.67±0.71^Aa	73.63±0.55^Bb
	B	74.27±0.21^Aa	73.63±0.65^Aa	75.07±0.65^Aa
	C	75.53±0.25^Aa	74.95±0.48^Aa	73.72±0.26^ABb
蛋白质含量 Protein content/%	CK	2.83±0.06^Ab	1.56±0.07^Cc	1.83±0.04^Cd
	A	3.04±0.12^Aab	1.76±0.08^Bb	2.18±0.04^Bc
	B	3.05±0.07^Aa	1.87±0.06^Bb	2.62±0.07^Aa
	C	2.29±0.16^Bc	2.06±0.05^Aa	2.51±0.06^Ab
干物质率 Dry matter rate/%	CK	30.92±0.06^Bc	37.38±0.07^Cc	36.33±0.26^Dd
	A	37.29±0.07^Aa	38.11±0.05^Bb	43.52±0.15^Aa
	B	32.39±0.17^Bb	40.41±0.23^Aa	41.65±0.22^Bb
	C	37.51±0.32^Aa	38.24±0.11^Bb	38.91±0.13^Cc
粗纤维 Crude fiber/%	CK	1.80±0.10^Aa	1.60±0.12^Aab	1.87±0.04^Aa
	A	1.80±0.10^Aa	1.72±0.07^Aa	1.85±0.05^Aa
	B	1.80±0.10^Aa	1.52±0.05^Ab	1.77±0.21^Aa
	C	1.60±0.10^Aa	1.63±0.13^Aab	2.00±0.09^Aa
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	CK	9.90±1.00^Bb	3.00±0.32^Dd	3.20±0.37^Aa
	A	10.10±1.72^Bb	8.80±0.39^Bb	3.40±0.31^Aa
	B	13.80±0.67^Aa	11.60±0.55^Aa	3.80±0.74^Aa
	C	12.50±1.15^ABa	5.20±0.91^Cc	3.50±0.46^Aa
支/直淀粉 Amylopectin / Amylose	CK	0.80±0.04^Bb	0.75±0.03^Bb	0.72±0.02^Bb
	A	0.97±0.04^Aa	0.78±0.06^ABb	1.00±0.08^Aa
	B	0.93±0.04^Aa	0.94±0.05^Aa	1.01±0.04^Aa
	C	0.95±0.03^Aa	0.91±0.08^ABa	0.97±0.05^Aa