Karyotype and Cluster Analysis of Five Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Varieties

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.01.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Karyotype analysis was performed on five cassava cultivars to reveal the karyotype characteristics. The similarity and genetic relationship among the five cultivars were analyzed by cluster analysis, using young leaves as the materials and the squashing method to analyze the features of chromosomes. The results showed that the chromosome number of the five varieties was 2n=36, and the karyotype formula of SC12, SM2300-1, Guire No. 5 was 2n=36=34m+2sm, 2n=36=36m(4SAT), 2n=36=36m, respectively, and that of both Yunnan No. 8 and ZM8752 was 2n=36=34m(4SAT)+2sm. The asymmetrical karyotype coefficient was ranged from 56.58 to 58.85, and the karyotype types was 1A, 1B, 1B, 2A and 1A, respectively. The degree of symmetry was high. The clustering results showed that when the genetic distance was 0.4, the five varieties were divided into 3 categories. The first category was Yunnan No. 8, the second category included ZM8752 and SM2300-1, and the third category included SC12 and Guire No. 5. The five cultivars had certain karyotype differences, indicating that they had abundant genetic diversity.

Key words: cassava, karyotype analysis, cluster analysis

LI Xiaoli,HE Xinya,XIAO Xinhui,GAO Heqiong,ZHUANG Nansheng,WANG Ying. Karyotype and Cluster Analysis of Five Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Varieties[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2019, 40(1): 79-86.

Figures/Tables 5

References 26

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序号 No.	名称 Material name	性状描述 Description	原产地 Origin
1	SC12	块根可鲜食Roots can eat directly	中国海南 Hainan, China
2	云南8号 Yunnan No. 8	直链淀粉含量高、抗细菌性枯萎病 High amylose content, anti-bacterial blight	中国云南 Yunnan, China
3	SM2300-1	具有较高鲜重、干物质和支链淀粉含量高、抗细菌性枯萎病 High fresh weight, high content of dry matter and amylopectin, and anti-bacterial blight	哥伦比亚 Colombia
4	桂热5号 Guire No. 5	干物质、支链淀粉、直链淀粉含量高 Dry matter, amylopectin, high amylose content	中国广西 Guangxi, China
5	ZM8752	抗细菌性枯萎病、抗螨Anti-bacterial wilt、anti-mite	中国海南 Hainan, China

序号 No.	名称 Material name	性状描述 Description	原产地 Origin
1	SC12	块根可鲜食Roots can eat directly	中国海南 Hainan, China
2	云南8号 Yunnan No. 8	直链淀粉含量高、抗细菌性枯萎病 High amylose content, anti-bacterial blight	中国云南 Yunnan, China
3	SM2300-1	具有较高鲜重、干物质和支链淀粉含量高、抗细菌性枯萎病 High fresh weight, high content of dry matter and amylopectin, and anti-bacterial blight	哥伦比亚 Colombia
4	桂热5号 Guire No. 5	干物质、支链淀粉、直链淀粉含量高 Dry matter, amylopectin, high amylose content	中国广西 Guangxi, China
5	ZM8752	抗细菌性枯萎病、抗螨Anti-bacterial wilt、anti-mite	中国海南 Hainan, China

品种 Variety	染色体编号Chromosome number	相对长度（S+L=T） Relative length/%	相对长度系数Relative length coefficient	臂比（L/S）Arm ratio	着丝粒类型Centromere type	染色体长度类型 Chromosome length type
桂热5号 Guire No. 5	1	2.88+4.51=7.39	1.33	1.57	m	L
	2	2.91+4.01=6.92	1.24	1.37	m	M2
	3	3.04+3.65=6.69	1.20	1.20	m	M2
	4	2.76+3.64=6.40	1.15	1.32	m	M2
	5	2.69+3.60=6.29	1.13	1.34	m	M2
	6	2.46+3.66=6.12	1.10	1.49	m	M2
	7	2.60+3.32=5.92	1.06	1.28	m	M2
	8	2.51+3.27=5.78	1.04	1.30	m	M2
	9	2.60+3.05=5.65	1.02	1.17	m	M2
	10	2.41+3.09=5.50	0.99	1.28	m	M1
	11	2.27+3.12=5.39	0.97	1.37	m	M1
	12	2.40+2.83=5.23	0.94	1.18	m	M1
	13	2.22+2.72=4.94	0.89	1.22	m	M1
	14	2.24+2.53=4.77	0.86	1.13	m	M1
	15	2.11+2.54=4.65	0.84	1.20	m	M1
	16	1.85+2.59=4.44	0.80	1.40	m	M1
	17	1.87+2.38=4.25	0.76	1.27	m	M1
	18	1.59+2.07=3.66	0.66	1.30	m	S
云南8号 Yunnan No. 8	1	3.12+3.74=6.86	1.23	1.20	m	M2
	2	2.71+3.66=6.37	1.15	1.35	m	M2
	3	2.63+3.61=6.24	1.12	1.37	m	M2
	4	2.71+3.46=6.17	1.11	1.27	m	M2
	5	2.42+3.61=6.03	1.08	1.49	m	M2
	6	2.34+3.43=5.77	1.04	1.46	m	M2
	7	2.52+3.16=5.68	1.02	1.25	m	M2
	8	2.53+3.08=5.61	1.01	1.22	m	M2
	9	2.07+3.48=5.55	1.00	1.68	m	M1
	10	2.37+3.10=5.47	0.98	1.31	m	M1
	11	1.75+3.71=5.46	0.98	2.12	m	M1
	12	2.46+2.98=5.44	0.98	1.21	m	M1
	13	2.04+3.25=5.29	0.95	1.60	m	M1
	14	1.90+3.32=5.22	0.94	1.74	sm	M1
	15^*	2.08+2.99=5.07	0.91	1.43	m	M1
	16	2.21+2.59=4.80	0.86	1.17	m	M1
	17	1.75+2.83=4.58	0.82	1.62	m	M1
	18^*	1.82+2.57=4.39	0.79	1.41	m	M1
ZM8752	1	3.16+4.26=7.42	1.33	1.35	m	L
	2^*	3.09+3.75=6.84	1.23	1.21	m	M2
	3	2.66+3.90=6.56	1.18	1.47	m	M2
	4	2.85+3.54=6.39	1.15	1.24	m	M2
	5	2.85+3.33=6.18	1.11	1.17	m	M2
	6	2.56+3.41=5.97	1.07	1.33	m	M2
	7	2.10+3.68=5.78	1.04	1.76	sm	M2
	8	2.19+3.51=5.70	1.03	1.60	m	M2
	9	2.21+3.40=5.61	1.01	1.54	m	M2
	10	2.29+3.23=5.52	0.99	1.41	m	M1
	11*	2.46+2.94=5.40	0.97	1.20	m	M1
	12	2.28+2.99=5.27	0.95	1.31	m	M1
	13	2.13+3.03=5.16	0.93	1.42	m	M1
	14	2.03+2.97=5.00	0.90	1.46	m	M1
	15	2.11+2.69=4.80	0.86	1.28	m	M1
	16	1.85+2.64=4.49	0.81	1.43	m	M1
	17	1.69+2.46=4.15	0.75	1.45	m	S
	18	1.64+2.12=3.76	0.68	1.29	m	S
SM2300-1	1	3.39+4.39=7.78	1.40	1.29	m	L
	2	2.85+4.11=6.96	1.25	1.44	m	M2
	3	2.58+4.08=6.66	1.20	1.58	m	M2
	4	2.73+3.74=6.47	1.16	1.37	m	M2
	5*	2.62+3.59=6.21	1.12	1.37	m	M2
	6	2.42+3.56=5.98	1.07	1.47	m	M2
	7	2.46+3.30=5.76	1.04	1.34	m	M2
	8	2.44+3.22=5.66	1.02	1.32	m	M2
	9	2.12+3.36=5.48	0.98	1.59	m	M1
	10	2.45+2.97=5.42	0.97	1.21	m	M1
	11	2.43+2.87=5.30	0.95	1.18	m	M1
	12	2.27+2.88=5.15	0.93	1.27	m	M1
	13	2.26+2.79=5.05	0.91	1.23	m	M1
	14	2.20+2.73=4.93	0.89	1.24	m	M1
	15	2.05+2.71=4.76	0.86	1.32	m	M1
	16	1.89+2.62=4.51	0.81	1.38	m	M1
	17*	1.92+2.44=4.36	0.78	1.28	m	M1
	18	1.57+2.00=3.57	0.64	1.27	m	S
SC12	1	3.09+4.05=7.14	1.28	1.31	m	L
	2	2.79+3.98=6.77	1.22	1.43	m	M2
	3	2.38+4.12=6.50	1.17	1.73	sm	M2
	4	2.57+3.69=6.26	1.13	1.43	m	M2
	5	2.40+3.63=6.03	1.08	1.51	m	M2
	6	2.50+3.43=5.93	1.07	1.37	m	M2
	7	2.44+3.42=5.86	1.05	1.40	m	M2
	8	2.56+3.23=5.79	1.04	1.26	m	M2
	9	2.47+3.23=5.70	1.02	1.31	m	M2
	10	2.24+3.31=5.55	1.00	1.48	m	M1
	11	2.15+3.28=5.43	0.98	1.53	m	M1
	12	2.17+3.09=5.26	0.95	1.43	m	M1
	13	2.02+3.11=5.13	0.92	1.54	m	M1
	14	2.07+2.83=4.90	0.88	1.36	m	M1
	15	1.91+2.87=4.78	0.86	1.50	m	M1
	16	2.01+2.58=4.59	0.83	1.28	m	M1
	17	1.71+2.64=4.35	0.78	1.54	m	M1
	18	1.65+2.35=4.00	0.72	1.42	m	S

品种 Variety	染色体编号Chromosome number	相对长度（S+L=T） Relative length/%	相对长度系数Relative length coefficient	臂比（L/S）Arm ratio	着丝粒类型Centromere type	染色体长度类型 Chromosome length type
桂热5号 Guire No. 5	1	2.88+4.51=7.39	1.33	1.57	m	L
	2	2.91+4.01=6.92	1.24	1.37	m	M2
	3	3.04+3.65=6.69	1.20	1.20	m	M2
	4	2.76+3.64=6.40	1.15	1.32	m	M2
	5	2.69+3.60=6.29	1.13	1.34	m	M2
	6	2.46+3.66=6.12	1.10	1.49	m	M2
	7	2.60+3.32=5.92	1.06	1.28	m	M2
	8	2.51+3.27=5.78	1.04	1.30	m	M2
	9	2.60+3.05=5.65	1.02	1.17	m	M2
	10	2.41+3.09=5.50	0.99	1.28	m	M1
	11	2.27+3.12=5.39	0.97	1.37	m	M1
	12	2.40+2.83=5.23	0.94	1.18	m	M1
	13	2.22+2.72=4.94	0.89	1.22	m	M1
	14	2.24+2.53=4.77	0.86	1.13	m	M1
	15	2.11+2.54=4.65	0.84	1.20	m	M1
	16	1.85+2.59=4.44	0.80	1.40	m	M1
	17	1.87+2.38=4.25	0.76	1.27	m	M1
	18	1.59+2.07=3.66	0.66	1.30	m	S
云南8号 Yunnan No. 8	1	3.12+3.74=6.86	1.23	1.20	m	M2
	2	2.71+3.66=6.37	1.15	1.35	m	M2
	3	2.63+3.61=6.24	1.12	1.37	m	M2
	4	2.71+3.46=6.17	1.11	1.27	m	M2
	5	2.42+3.61=6.03	1.08	1.49	m	M2
	6	2.34+3.43=5.77	1.04	1.46	m	M2
	7	2.52+3.16=5.68	1.02	1.25	m	M2
	8	2.53+3.08=5.61	1.01	1.22	m	M2
	9	2.07+3.48=5.55	1.00	1.68	m	M1
	10	2.37+3.10=5.47	0.98	1.31	m	M1
	11	1.75+3.71=5.46	0.98	2.12	m	M1
	12	2.46+2.98=5.44	0.98	1.21	m	M1
	13	2.04+3.25=5.29	0.95	1.60	m	M1
	14	1.90+3.32=5.22	0.94	1.74	sm	M1
	15^*	2.08+2.99=5.07	0.91	1.43	m	M1
	16	2.21+2.59=4.80	0.86	1.17	m	M1
	17	1.75+2.83=4.58	0.82	1.62	m	M1
	18^*	1.82+2.57=4.39	0.79	1.41	m	M1
ZM8752	1	3.16+4.26=7.42	1.33	1.35	m	L
	2^*	3.09+3.75=6.84	1.23	1.21	m	M2
	3	2.66+3.90=6.56	1.18	1.47	m	M2
	4	2.85+3.54=6.39	1.15	1.24	m	M2
	5	2.85+3.33=6.18	1.11	1.17	m	M2
	6	2.56+3.41=5.97	1.07	1.33	m	M2
	7	2.10+3.68=5.78	1.04	1.76	sm	M2
	8	2.19+3.51=5.70	1.03	1.60	m	M2
	9	2.21+3.40=5.61	1.01	1.54	m	M2
	10	2.29+3.23=5.52	0.99	1.41	m	M1
	11*	2.46+2.94=5.40	0.97	1.20	m	M1
	12	2.28+2.99=5.27	0.95	1.31	m	M1
	13	2.13+3.03=5.16	0.93	1.42	m	M1
	14	2.03+2.97=5.00	0.90	1.46	m	M1
	15	2.11+2.69=4.80	0.86	1.28	m	M1
	16	1.85+2.64=4.49	0.81	1.43	m	M1
	17	1.69+2.46=4.15	0.75	1.45	m	S
	18	1.64+2.12=3.76	0.68	1.29	m	S
SM2300-1	1	3.39+4.39=7.78	1.40	1.29	m	L
	2	2.85+4.11=6.96	1.25	1.44	m	M2
	3	2.58+4.08=6.66	1.20	1.58	m	M2
	4	2.73+3.74=6.47	1.16	1.37	m	M2
	5*	2.62+3.59=6.21	1.12	1.37	m	M2
	6	2.42+3.56=5.98	1.07	1.47	m	M2
	7	2.46+3.30=5.76	1.04	1.34	m	M2
	8	2.44+3.22=5.66	1.02	1.32	m	M2
	9	2.12+3.36=5.48	0.98	1.59	m	M1
	10	2.45+2.97=5.42	0.97	1.21	m	M1
	11	2.43+2.87=5.30	0.95	1.18	m	M1
	12	2.27+2.88=5.15	0.93	1.27	m	M1
	13	2.26+2.79=5.05	0.91	1.23	m	M1
	14	2.20+2.73=4.93	0.89	1.24	m	M1
	15	2.05+2.71=4.76	0.86	1.32	m	M1
	16	1.89+2.62=4.51	0.81	1.38	m	M1
	17*	1.92+2.44=4.36	0.78	1.28	m	M1
	18	1.57+2.00=3.57	0.64	1.27	m	S
SC12	1	3.09+4.05=7.14	1.28	1.31	m	L
	2	2.79+3.98=6.77	1.22	1.43	m	M2
	3	2.38+4.12=6.50	1.17	1.73	sm	M2
	4	2.57+3.69=6.26	1.13	1.43	m	M2
	5	2.40+3.63=6.03	1.08	1.51	m	M2
	6	2.50+3.43=5.93	1.07	1.37	m	M2
	7	2.44+3.42=5.86	1.05	1.40	m	M2
	8	2.56+3.23=5.79	1.04	1.26	m	M2
	9	2.47+3.23=5.70	1.02	1.31	m	M2
	10	2.24+3.31=5.55	1.00	1.48	m	M1
	11	2.15+3.28=5.43	0.98	1.53	m	M1
	12	2.17+3.09=5.26	0.95	1.43	m	M1
	13	2.02+3.11=5.13	0.92	1.54	m	M1
	14	2.07+2.83=4.90	0.88	1.36	m	M1
	15	1.91+2.87=4.78	0.86	1.50	m	M1
	16	2.01+2.58=4.59	0.83	1.28	m	M1
	17	1.71+2.64=4.35	0.78	1.54	m	M1
	18	1.65+2.35=4.00	0.72	1.42	m	S

品种 Variety	核型公式Karyotype formula	相对长度范围 Relative length range/%	臂比范围 Arm ratio range	平均臂比Arm ratio average	臂比>2的比例 Scale of arm ratio>2	核型不对称系数 Asymmetrical karyotype coefficient	类型Classifica- tion
SC12	34m+2sm	4~7.13	1.26~1.73	1.44	0	58.85	1A
桂热5号 Guire No. 5	36m	3.66~7.39	1.13~1.57	1.30	0	56.58	1B
云南8号 Yunnan No. 8	34m(4SAT)+2sm	4.39~6.86	1.17~2.12	1.44	5.56%	58.55	2A
ZM8752	34m(4SAT)+2sm	3.77~7.42	1.17~1.76	1.38	0	57.86	1A
SM2300-1	36m(4SAT)	3.57~7.78	1.18~1.59	1.34	0	57.36	1B